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🕒 How do we Express the Future in Zulu?

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vincent profile picture vincentMay 2023

In Zulu, a Bantu language spoken primarily in South Africa, expressing the future tense involves using specific verb prefixes that indicate an action will take place in the future. Here's a brief overview of how to express the future tense in Zulu:

Comprehensive answer here: https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Zulu/Grammar/Future-Tense

 

1. Simple future tense: 

To express the simple future tense in Zulu, you can use the future tense prefix "zo-" (or its variant "zou-") combined with the verb stem. Additionally, you need to add a subject concord before the future tense prefix, which agrees with the subject noun in terms of noun class.
Example:

Ngi-zo-hamba (I will go)

where "ngi-" is the subject concord for the first person singular, "zo-" is the future tense prefix, and "hamba" is the verb stem for "go."

 

2. Future perfect tense: 

To express the future perfect tense, which indicates that an action will be completed before another action or time in the future, you can use the future tense prefix "zo-" (or "zou-") along with the auxiliary verb "be" and the main verb in the past participle form. Again, you need a subject concord to agree with the subject noun.
Example:

U-zo-ba-fikile (He/She will have arrived)

where "u-" is the subject concord for the third person singular, "zo-" is the future tense prefix, "ba" is the auxiliary verb "be," and "fikile" is the past participle form of the verb "arrive."
Note that Zulu is a highly contextual language, and the use of time markers, adverbs, or contextual clues may also help express the future tense or the time an action will occur.

 

Sibahle profile picture SibahleSeptember 2022
Vincent
  • Sibahle profile picture SibahleSeptember 2022
    To express the future in Zulu is very simple.
    Let’s say you want to say ”I will go to the shop)

    I will go - ngiZOya
    To the shop - Esitolo.

    I will go to the shop - NgiZOya esitolo.

    Let’s try another one.

    I will eat Delicious food.
    I will eat - ngiZOdla
    Delicious food - ukudla okumnandi.
    Food - ukudla.
    Delicious - okumnandi.

    I will eat Delicious food - NgiZOdla ukudla okumnandi.

    I hope this helps. The pattern is the same.
    I will be happy - NGIZOjabula
    I will come - NGIZObuya.

    Please ask me more questions, I would like to help you learn.