Language/Kirghiz/Grammar/Nouns
Hi Kirghiz learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on Kirghiz nouns, including their gender, number, and cases. Learning Kirghiz grammar is a great way to improve your communication skills in the language. To improve your Kirghiz Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
Gender
Kirghiz nouns have two genders: masculine and feminine. However, there are some words that can have both genders, depending on the context in which they are used. For example, "doctor" can be either masculine or feminine, depending on the gender of the person being referred to.
Here are some common Kirghiz nouns and their genders:
Kirghiz | Pronunciation | Gender | English |
---|---|---|---|
аял | ayal | feminine | woman |
адам | adam | masculine | man |
бала | bala | neutral | child |
Number
Kirghiz nouns can be singular or plural. The plural is usually formed by adding the suffix "-дар" (dar) to the end of the noun.
Kirghiz | Pronunciation | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
китеп | kitep | book | китепдер (kitepder) |
түш | tüş | bird | түшдөр (tüşdör) |
омуз | omuz | shoulder | омуздар (omuzdar) |
Cases
Kirghiz nouns change according to their grammatical case, which indicates the noun's function in the sentence. Kirghiz has seven cases:
1. Nominative 2. Genitive 3. Dative 4. Accusative 5. Locative 6. Ablative 7. Comitative
Each case has a suffix that is added to the end of the noun.
Nominative
The nominative case is used for the subject of the sentence, and it does not require a suffix.
- Он бала. (On bala.) - He is a child.
Genitive
The genitive case is used to show possession, and it is formed by adding the suffix "-нын" (nyn) to the end of the noun.
- Атамнын китеби. (Atamnyn kitebi.) - My father's book.
Dative
The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of the sentence. It is formed by adding the suffix "-га" (ga) to the end of the noun.
- Мене китепке бер. (Mene kitepke ber.) - Give me the book.
Accusative
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of the sentence. It is formed by adding the suffix "-ды" (dy) to the end of the noun.
- Мен китепти окуй алдым. (Men kitepti okuy aldym.) - I read the book.
Locative
The locative case is used to indicate location. It is formed by adding the suffix "-да" (da) to the end of the noun.
- Биз ойда жашайбыз. (Biz oida jashaybyz.) - We live in a house.
Ablative
The ablative case is used to indicate movement away from something. It is formed by adding the suffix "-дан" (dan) to the end of the noun.
- Мен ормустан кеттим. (Men ormustan kettim.) - I left the village.
Comitative
The comitative case is used to indicate accompaniment. It is formed by adding the suffix "-бел" (bel) to the end of the noun.
- Сенин менен бараттарың? (Senin menen barattaryng?) - Are you coming with me?
Dialogue
- Person 1: Бул китеп канча эмес? (Bul kitep kança emes?) (How much is this book?)
- Person 2: Бул китеп тоңуз сом чыккан. (Bul kitep toñuz som çykkan.) (This book costs ten soms.)
- Person 1: Тоңуз сом жакшы. (Toñuz som jaqşı.) (Ten soms is good.)
- Person 2: Тандоо жасайбыз. (Tandoo jasaybyz.) (Let's buy it.)
Sources