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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Italian|Italian]]  → [[Language/Italian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Italian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Compound Tenses → Trapassato Prossimo</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
Welcome to the lesson on Trapassato Prossimo, a compound tense in the Italian language. In this lesson, we will learn how to form and use the Trapassato Prossimo tense. This tense is used to talk about past events that happened before another past event. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use the Trapassato Prossimo tense in your conversations and writing. Are you ready? Let's get started!
== Formation of Trapassato Prossimo ==
To form the Trapassato Prossimo tense, we need to use two elements: the imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb "essere" or "avere" and the past participle of the main verb. Let's take a look at the formation of Trapassato Prossimo with both auxiliary verbs.
=== Auxiliary Verb "Essere" ===
When using the auxiliary verb "essere," we need to conjugate it in the imperfect tense according to the subject of the sentence. Here is the conjugation of "essere" in the imperfect tense:
* io ero (I was)
* tu eri (you were)
* lui/lei era (he/she was)
* noi eravamo (we were)
* voi eravate (you all were)
* loro erano (they were)


<div class="pg_page_title">Italian Grammar - Compound Tenses > Trapassato Prossimo</div>
To form the Trapassato Prossimo with "essere," we simply add the past participle of the main verb to the conjugated form of "essere."


__TOC__
Let's see some examples:
 
* Io ero andato/a al cinema. (I had gone to the cinema.)
* Tu eri stato/a in vacanza. (You had been on vacation.)
* Lui era arrivato tardi. (He had arrived late.)
* Noi eravamo partiti per Roma. (We had left for Rome.)
* Voi eravate rimasti a casa. (You all had stayed at home.)
* Loro erano usciti con gli amici. (They had gone out with friends.)


Trapassato Prossimo is one of the compound tenses in the Italian language, used to talk about a past action that took place before another past action. It is mainly used in formal Italian writing and spoken language.
=== Auxiliary Verb "Avere" ===


== Formation ==
When using the auxiliary verb "avere," we need to conjugate it in the imperfect tense according to the subject of the sentence. Here is the conjugation of "avere" in the imperfect tense:


To form Trapassato Prossimo, you need two elements:
* io avevo (I had)
* tu avevi (you had)
* lui/lei aveva (he/she had)
* noi avevamo (we had)
* voi avevate (you all had)
* loro avevano (they had)


1. The imperfect tense of the auxiliary verbs "avere" or "essere" (depending on the main verb) in the third person singular
To form the Trapassato Prossimo with "avere," we simply add the past participle of the main verb to the conjugated form of "avere."
2. The past participle of the main verb


The formula is:
Let's see some examples:


subject + imperfect of "avere/essere" + past participle of the main verb
* Io avevo mangiato la pizza. (I had eaten the pizza.)
* Tu avevi studiato per l'esame. (You had studied for the exam.)
* Lui aveva comprato un regalo. (He had bought a gift.)
* Noi avevamo visto il film. (We had seen the movie.)
* Voi avevate parlato con il professore. (You all had spoken with the professor.)
* Loro avevano finito il lavoro. (They had finished the work.)


Here is an example with the verb "parlare" (to speak) with "avere":
== Usage of Trapassato Prossimo ==


Io avevo parlato (I had spoken)
The Trapassato Prossimo tense is used to talk about past events that happened before another past event. It is often used in combination with the Passato Prossimo tense to express a sequence of past actions. Let's look at some situations where we can use the Trapassato Prossimo tense.
Tu avevi parlato (You had spoken)
Lui/lei aveva parlato (He/she had spoken)
Noi avevamo parlato (We had spoken)
Voi avevate parlato (You had spoken)
Loro avevano parlato (They had spoken)


And here is an example with the verb "uscire" (to go out) with "essere":
=== Expressing Past Actions ===


Io ero uscito (I had gone out)
When narrating a story or describing a series of past events, we can use the Trapassato Prossimo tense to talk about actions that happened before another past action. For example:
Tu eri uscito (You had gone out)
Lui/lei era uscito/a (He/she had gone out)
Noi eravamo usciti/e (We had gone out)
Voi eravate usciti/e (You had gone out)
Loro erano usciti/e (They had gone out)


Note that when using "essere", the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject.
* Sono arrivato a casa e ho visto che mia madre aveva preparato la cena. (I arrived home and saw that my mother had prepared dinner.)


== Usage ==
In this example, the action of arriving home (Passato Prossimo) happened first, and then the action of preparing dinner (Trapassato Prossimo) happened before that.


Trapassato Prossimo is used to indicate an action that was completed before another action in the past. It is often used in combination with Passato Prossimo or Imperfetto.
=== Talking about Regrets ===


Here are some example sentences:
We can also use the Trapassato Prossimo tense to express regrets or wishes about past events that cannot be changed. For example:


* Quando sono arrivato a casa, mio marito era già andato a letto.
* Avrei voluto studiare di più quando ero giovane. (I wish I had studied more when I was young.)
(When I arrived home, my husband had already gone to bed.)


* L'anno scorso aveva piovuto molto quando siamo andati in vacanza.
In this example, the speaker expresses a regret about not studying more in the past (Trapassato Prossimo).
(Last year it had rained a lot when we went on vacation.)


* Avevano già chiuso il negozio quando sono arrivato.
=== Hypothetical Situations in the Past ===
(They had already closed the shop when I arrived.)


== Irregular Verbs ==
The Trapassato Prossimo tense can be used to express hypothetical situations in the past. For example:


Most verbs follow the regular pattern for Trapassato Prossimo formation. However, some verbs have irregular past participles that do not follow the normal rule of adding "-ato", "-uto", or "-ito".
* Se avessi saputo che era malato, sarei andato a trovarlo. (If I had known he was sick, I would have visited him.)


Here are some commonly used verbs with their irregular past participles:
In this example, the speaker imagines a hypothetical situation in the past (Trapassato Prossimo) and its consequence (Condizionale Passato).


{| class="wikitable"
== Irregular Verbs in Trapassato Prossimo ==
! Italian !! English !! Past Participle
|-
| aprire || to open || aperto
|-
| bere || to drink || bevuto
|-
| chiedere || to ask || chiesto
|-
| chiudere || to close || chiuso
|-
| decidere || to decide || deciso
|-
| dire || to say || detto
|-
| fare || to do/make || fatto
|-
| leggere || to read || letto
|-
| mettere || to put || messo
|-
| morire || to die || morto
|-
| nascere || to be born || nato
|-
| offrire || to offer || offerto
|-
| prendere || to take || preso
|-
| scrivere || to write || scritto
|-
| vedere || to see || visto
|-
| vincere || to win || vinto
|-
| volere || to want || voluto
|}


== Exercises ==
While most verbs follow regular patterns when conjugated in the Trapassato Prossimo tense, there are some verbs that are irregular. Let's look at a few common examples:


Translate the following sentences into Italian using Trapassato Prossimo:
* Andare (to go) - io ero andato/a (I had gone)
* Bere (to drink) - io avevo bevuto (I had drunk)
* Dire (to say) - io avevo detto (I had said)
* Fare (to do/make) - io avevo fatto (I had done/made)
* Venire (to come) - io ero venuto/a (I had come)


# I had already eaten when my friends arrived.
It is important to memorize the irregular forms of these verbs to use them correctly in the Trapassato Prossimo tense.
# We had seen the movie before, but we wanted to watch it again.
# They had already left when we arrived at the restaurant.


== Sources ==
== Conclusion ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapassato_Prossimo Trapassato Prossimo]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_grammar Italian grammar]


Congratulations! You have completed the lesson on Trapassato Prossimo, a compound tense in the Italian language. In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use the Trapassato Prossimo tense to talk about past events that happened before another past event. Remember to practice using this tense in your conversations and writing to become more comfortable with it. Keep up the great work, and soon you'll be able to communicate fluently in Italian!


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{{#seo:
|title=Italian Grammar - Compound Tenses > Trapassato Prossimo
|title=Italian Grammar → Compound Tenses → Trapassato Prossimo
|keywords=Italian grammar, Compound tenses, Trapassato Prossimo, irregular verbs, Italian language
|keywords=Italian grammar, compound tenses, Trapassato Prossimo, Italian verb tenses, Italian past tense
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the Trapassato Prossimo tense in the Italian language. We will discuss its formation, usage, and irregular verbs, as well as provide some exercises for practicing. }}
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the Trapassato Prossimo compound tense in Italian. The Trapassato Prossimo tense is used to talk about past events that happened before another past event.
 
}}


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==Videos==


==Related Lessons==
===Pluperfect Tense in Italian: Trapassato Prossimo - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FFi-v92uqY</youtube>
 
===How to use Italian past tense TRAPASSATO PROSSIMO in a ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9FBQLgWDpo</youtube>
 
===Il trapassato prossimo | B1 Italian Grammar - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoSvWw_-UDA</youtube>
 
 
 
==Sources==
* [https://www.thinkinitalian.com/the-past-perfect-italian/ Italian past perfect (trapassato prossimo) grammar lesson]
* [https://www.thelanguageisland.com/trapassato-prossimo-italian-past-perfect-tense/ Trapassato Prossimo: The Italian Past Perfect Tense - The ...]
* [https://www.thoughtco.com/italian-past-perfect-tense-2011707 Italian Past Perfect Tense - Trapassato Prossimo]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Congiuntivo-Passato|Congiuntivo Passato]]
* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Congiuntivo-Passato|Congiuntivo Passato]]
* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Simple-Past-Subjunctive|Simple Past Subjunctive]]
* [[Language/Italian/Grammar/Simple-Past-Subjunctive|Simple Past Subjunctive]]
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==Videos==
{{Italian-Page-Bottom}}


===Pluperfect Tense in Italian: Trapassato Prossimo - YouTube===
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<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FFi-v92uqY</youtube>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"


===How to use Italian past tense TRAPASSATO PROSSIMO in a ...===
|[[Language/Italian/Culture/Religion-and-Believes|◀️ Religion and Believes — Previous Lesson]]
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9FBQLgWDpo</youtube>
|[[Language/Italian/Grammar/Trapassato-Remoto|Next Lesson — Trapassato Remoto ▶️]]
 
|}
===Il trapassato prossimo | B1 Italian Grammar - YouTube===
</span>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoSvWw_-UDA</youtube>
 
{{Italian-Page-Bottom}}

Latest revision as of 22:25, 14 June 2023

◀️ Religion and Believes — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Trapassato Remoto ▶️

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Italian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Compound Tenses → Trapassato Prossimo

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on Trapassato Prossimo, a compound tense in the Italian language. In this lesson, we will learn how to form and use the Trapassato Prossimo tense. This tense is used to talk about past events that happened before another past event. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use the Trapassato Prossimo tense in your conversations and writing. Are you ready? Let's get started!

Formation of Trapassato Prossimo[edit | edit source]

To form the Trapassato Prossimo tense, we need to use two elements: the imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb "essere" or "avere" and the past participle of the main verb. Let's take a look at the formation of Trapassato Prossimo with both auxiliary verbs.

Auxiliary Verb "Essere"[edit | edit source]

When using the auxiliary verb "essere," we need to conjugate it in the imperfect tense according to the subject of the sentence. Here is the conjugation of "essere" in the imperfect tense:

  • io ero (I was)
  • tu eri (you were)
  • lui/lei era (he/she was)
  • noi eravamo (we were)
  • voi eravate (you all were)
  • loro erano (they were)

To form the Trapassato Prossimo with "essere," we simply add the past participle of the main verb to the conjugated form of "essere."

Let's see some examples:

  • Io ero andato/a al cinema. (I had gone to the cinema.)
  • Tu eri stato/a in vacanza. (You had been on vacation.)
  • Lui era arrivato tardi. (He had arrived late.)
  • Noi eravamo partiti per Roma. (We had left for Rome.)
  • Voi eravate rimasti a casa. (You all had stayed at home.)
  • Loro erano usciti con gli amici. (They had gone out with friends.)

Auxiliary Verb "Avere"[edit | edit source]

When using the auxiliary verb "avere," we need to conjugate it in the imperfect tense according to the subject of the sentence. Here is the conjugation of "avere" in the imperfect tense:

  • io avevo (I had)
  • tu avevi (you had)
  • lui/lei aveva (he/she had)
  • noi avevamo (we had)
  • voi avevate (you all had)
  • loro avevano (they had)

To form the Trapassato Prossimo with "avere," we simply add the past participle of the main verb to the conjugated form of "avere."

Let's see some examples:

  • Io avevo mangiato la pizza. (I had eaten the pizza.)
  • Tu avevi studiato per l'esame. (You had studied for the exam.)
  • Lui aveva comprato un regalo. (He had bought a gift.)
  • Noi avevamo visto il film. (We had seen the movie.)
  • Voi avevate parlato con il professore. (You all had spoken with the professor.)
  • Loro avevano finito il lavoro. (They had finished the work.)

Usage of Trapassato Prossimo[edit | edit source]

The Trapassato Prossimo tense is used to talk about past events that happened before another past event. It is often used in combination with the Passato Prossimo tense to express a sequence of past actions. Let's look at some situations where we can use the Trapassato Prossimo tense.

Expressing Past Actions[edit | edit source]

When narrating a story or describing a series of past events, we can use the Trapassato Prossimo tense to talk about actions that happened before another past action. For example:

  • Sono arrivato a casa e ho visto che mia madre aveva preparato la cena. (I arrived home and saw that my mother had prepared dinner.)

In this example, the action of arriving home (Passato Prossimo) happened first, and then the action of preparing dinner (Trapassato Prossimo) happened before that.

Talking about Regrets[edit | edit source]

We can also use the Trapassato Prossimo tense to express regrets or wishes about past events that cannot be changed. For example:

  • Avrei voluto studiare di più quando ero giovane. (I wish I had studied more when I was young.)

In this example, the speaker expresses a regret about not studying more in the past (Trapassato Prossimo).

Hypothetical Situations in the Past[edit | edit source]

The Trapassato Prossimo tense can be used to express hypothetical situations in the past. For example:

  • Se avessi saputo che era malato, sarei andato a trovarlo. (If I had known he was sick, I would have visited him.)

In this example, the speaker imagines a hypothetical situation in the past (Trapassato Prossimo) and its consequence (Condizionale Passato).

Irregular Verbs in Trapassato Prossimo[edit | edit source]

While most verbs follow regular patterns when conjugated in the Trapassato Prossimo tense, there are some verbs that are irregular. Let's look at a few common examples:

  • Andare (to go) - io ero andato/a (I had gone)
  • Bere (to drink) - io avevo bevuto (I had drunk)
  • Dire (to say) - io avevo detto (I had said)
  • Fare (to do/make) - io avevo fatto (I had done/made)
  • Venire (to come) - io ero venuto/a (I had come)

It is important to memorize the irregular forms of these verbs to use them correctly in the Trapassato Prossimo tense.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have completed the lesson on Trapassato Prossimo, a compound tense in the Italian language. In this lesson, you have learned how to form and use the Trapassato Prossimo tense to talk about past events that happened before another past event. Remember to practice using this tense in your conversations and writing to become more comfortable with it. Keep up the great work, and soon you'll be able to communicate fluently in Italian!

Table of Contents - Italian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Introduction to Italian Language


Daily Life Expressions


Italian Culture and Tradition


Past and Future Tenses


Social and Work Life


Italian Literature and Cinema


Subjunctive and Imperative Moods


Science and Technology


Italian Politics and Society


Compound Tenses


Arts and Design


Italian Language and Dialects

Videos[edit | edit source]

Pluperfect Tense in Italian: Trapassato Prossimo - YouTube[edit | edit source]

How to use Italian past tense TRAPASSATO PROSSIMO in a ...[edit | edit source]

Il trapassato prossimo | B1 Italian Grammar - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Religion and Believes — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Trapassato Remoto ▶️

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