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Revision as of 18:21, 29 March 2023
| ◀️ Environment and Pollution — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Chola Empire ▶️ |
As a Tamil language teacher with 20 years of experience, I am thrilled to introduce my students to one of the most significant aspects of Tamil culture - Sangam literature. This ancient Tamil literature showcases the rich history and heritage of Tamil Nadu and has played a critical role in shaping Tamil language and culture. In this lesson, we will explore the history and significance of Sangam literature, and how it has influenced the Tamil language and culture.
Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: Festivals and Celebrations & Chola Empire.
What is Sangam Literature?
Sangam literature refers to a vast collection of Tamil literature that spans over a period of 300 years, from 200 BCE to 300 CE. The term "Sangam" refers to the Tamil literary assembly that existed during this time. This literature comprises of secular, as well as religious, works and consists of various genres like poetry, music, and drama.
History of Sangam Literature
Sangam literature has its roots in the Tamizhagam region of South India, which includes modern-day Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is believed that the Tamil literary assembly, Sangam, was formed by the Pandya king and patron of the arts, Ukkirap Peruvaludi. The assembly played a crucial role in preserving and promoting Tamil literature and culture.
During the reign of the Chola and Pandya dynasties, three significant Tamil literary assemblies or Sangams were held. The works created during these assemblies are considered the purest and most authentic forms of Tamil literature. However, only the works from the third Sangam have survived to this day. These works are collectively known as Sangam literature and have been separated into two categories, the Pattupattu (Ten Idylls) and the Ettuthokai (Eight Anthologies).
Significance of Sangam Literature
Sangam literature is an essential source of information about ancient Tamil culture, society, and traditions. It provides valuable insights into the religious beliefs, economic structure, political system, and social hierarchy of the Tamils of that time. The works cover several themes, including love, war, kingship, nature, and ethics.
Sangam literature has had a profound impact on the Tamil language and literature. The poetry composed during this period followed strict grammatical and literary conventions and served as a model for classical Tamil literature. It inspired the Bhakti movement of South India and continues to influence modern Tamil literature.
Examples of Sangam Literature
Here are some examples of Sangam literature:
| Tamil | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| வாசகம் பொறுத்து வரைக்கும் காதற் செயல்வது யாது | "Vācakam Poṟuttu Varaiyum Kātaṟ Seyalvadhu Yāthu" | What is the use of a language that is not understood? |
| கற்புள்ள ஒருவன் காய்ச்சலிழந்த பிரியேனைப் பார்த்து | "Karpulla Oruvan Kāychchalilanthap Piriyeṉai Pārttu" | A man of education saw his loved one while passing by. |
| வாள் மகன் வாயியில் அருமை உண்டாக்கி வருவாய் | "Vāḷ Magaṉ Vāyiyl Arumai Uṇḍākki Varuvāy" | Son! Come home with your tongue made sweet by wealth |
Conclusion
Sangam literature holds immense significance for Tamil language and culture. It helps us understand the Tamils' way of life and their beliefs and traditions, which have shaped the South Indian culture. As we continue with the "Complete 0 to A1 Tamil Course," I encourage my students to explore and gain a deeper understanding of Sangam literature and its contribution to Tamil language and culture.
Sources
Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: Cuisine and Eating Habits & Tamil Cinema.
Videos
History of Tamil Literature From The Sangam Period To This Period ...
Other Lessons
| ◀️ Environment and Pollution — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Chola Empire ▶️ |