Difference between revisions of "Language/Lao/Grammar/Pronouns"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Lao Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Lao Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Lao learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing pronouns in the Lao language. Pronouns are words that can replace nouns in a sentence. They are an important part of any language and understanding how to use them correctly is essential for speaking Lao fluently.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/lao Lao] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will explore Lao Pronouns. Pronouns are crucial in communication as they help avoid repetition and assist in clarity.  


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Personal Pronouns ==
== Lao Personal Pronouns ==
 
Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. In Lao, there are two types of personal pronouns: subject pronouns and object pronouns.
 
=== Subject Pronouns ===
 
Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. For example:
 
* ຂ້ອຍ (khoi) - I
* ເຈົ້າ (jao) - you
* ເຂົາ (khao) - he/she/it
* ເຮົາ (hao) - we
* ທ່ານ (than) - you (formal)
* ເຂົາພວກເຮົາ (khao phuak hao) - they
 
For example:


* ຂ້ອຍກິນຂໍ້ມູນ (Khoi kin khomun) - I eat rice.
In Lao, personal pronouns are used in place of a noun that refers to a person or thing. Let's look at the Lao Personal pronouns in the table below:
* ເຈົ້າຊອກໂກນ (Jao chok kon) - You brush your teeth.
* ເຂົາເດີນ (Khao dien) - He/She/It walks.
* ເຮົາຊື້ຂອງ (Hao seu kong) - We buy things.
* ທ່ານທຳອະໄຣ (Than tam ar lai) - What are you doing? (formal)
* ເຂົາພວກເຮົາຊື້ຂອງ (Khao phuak hao seu kong) - They buy things.  


=== Object Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ຂ້ານ || khăan || I/me
|-
| ທ່ານ || thaan || You
|-
| ເຂົ້າ || khăo(h) || He/him/it/she/her
|-
| ລາວ || láw || We/us
|-
| ທີ່ມ || thîi-mây || You all
|-
| ພວກເຮົາ || pheûak-hăo || They/them/ those
|}


Object pronouns are used when the pronoun is the object of the sentence. For example:  
Here are some examples in context:


* ຂ້ອຍ (khoi) - me
* Person 1: ຂ້ານໄດ້ໃສ່ເຮົາແລ້ວ. (khăan dai săi hăo leu.) (I have told him.)
* ເຈົ້າ (jao) - you
* Person 2: ຜູ້ນີ້ເຄີຍບໍ່ແມ່ນທ່ານຫລືບໍ່? (phûu nii kăe bò mâi mae thaan hǎr bò?) (Is this person yours or not?)
* ເຂົາ (khao) - him/her/it
* ເຮົາ (hao) - us
* ທ່ານ (than) - you (formal)
* ເຂົາພວກເຮົາ (khao phuak hao) - them


For example:
== Lao Demonstrative Pronouns ==


* ຂ້ອຍຖືກຊອກໂກນ (Khoi teuk chok kon) - I am brushed my teeth.
Demonstrative pronouns in Lao are used to point out something or someone. They can also assist in avoiding repetition.  
* ເຈົ້າຖືກກິນ (Jao teuk kin) - You are eaten.
* ເຂົາຖືກເດີນ (Khao teuk dien) - He/She/It is walking.
* ເຮົາຖືກຊື້ (Hao teuk seu) - We are buying.  
* ທ່ານຖືກທຳອະໄຣ (Than teuk tam ar lai) - What are you doing? (formal)
* ເຂົາພວກເຮົາຖືກຊື້ (Khao phuak hao teuk seu) - They are buying.  


== Possessive Pronouns ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ນີ້ || nii || This (near)
|-
| ມີນີ້ || míi-nii || These (near)
|-
| ນີ້ໄດ້ || nii dai || This (far)
|-
| ມີນີ້ໄດ້ || míi-nii dai || These (far)
|-
| ນີ້​ແມ່ນ || nii-mae || That (near)
|-
| ມີນີ້​ແມ່ນ || míi-nii mae || Those (near)
|-
| ນີ້ໄດ້ແມ່ນ || nii dai-mae || That (far)
|-
| ມີນີ້ໄດ້ແມ່ນ || míi-nii dai-mae || Those (far)
|}


Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. In Lao, there are two types of possessive pronouns: singular and plural.
Let's see these examples below:


=== Singular Possessive Pronouns ===
* Person 1: ມີນີ້​ບໍ່ສໍາເລັດ. (míi-nii bò sǎm-lɛɛ.) (These are not useful.)
* Person 2: ສະບາຍດີທີ່ມ, ນີ້ແມ່ນ​ຫຍັງ? (sà-baai-dii thîi-mây, nii-mae yang?) (Hello everyone, what is that?)


Singular possessive pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to one person or thing. For example:
== Lao Indefinite Pronouns ==


* ຂ້ອຍຂອງ (Khoi kong) - mine
Indefinite pronouns refer to non-specific nouns. In Lao, they are used when referring to things or persons that are not identified.
* ເຈົ້າຂອງ (Jao kong) - yours
* ເຂົາຂອງ (Khao kong) - his/hers/its
* ທ່ານຂອງ (Than kong) - yours (formal)


For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ຫຼີ້ || lǔu || One/some
|-
| ຄົນຫວັງ || khon-wăng || Someone
|-
| ຫວ່າງວ່າງ || wăng-waang || Anybody
|}


* ຂ້ອຍກິນຂໍ້ມູນຂອງຂ້ອຍ (Khoi kin khomun kong khoi) - I eat my rice.
Here are some examples in context:
* ເຈົ້າຊອກໂກນຂອງເຈົ້າ (Jao chok kon kong jao) - You brush your teeth.
* ເຂົາເດີນຂອງເຂົາ (Khao dien kong khao) - He/She/It walks his/hers/its.
* ທ່ານທຳອະໄຣຂອງທ່ານ (Than tam ar lai kong than) - What are you doing yours? (formal)


=== Plural Possessive Pronouns ===
* Person 1: ຫລັງຈະປະສົດຈາກນີ້ຫຼາຍບໍ? (lang jar pasot jḁ̀aj.ni̥.lua by nḁ̀ak pôn.) (How will we recover from this big mistake?)
* Person 2: ຫວ່າງວ່າງຂ້ອຍຮັກທີ່ເຮົາລອງ​. (wăng-waang khǎo hûk thîi hǎo lǭng.) (Anybody can go wherever they want.)


Plural possessive pronouns are used when the pronoun is referring to more than one person or thing. For example:
== Lao Interrogative Pronouns ==


* ເຮົາຂອງ (Hao kong) - ours
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. Here are the Lao Interrogative pronouns with their pronunciations and English translations:
* ເຂົາພວກເຮົາຂອງ (Khao phuak hao kong) - theirs


For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ຈົດ || chót || Who
|-
| ຈົດ​ຫວ່າງ || chót wăng || Anyone
|-
| ຄວາມ || khuaa(m) || What
|-
| ຈົດເທົ່າ || chót thĕuu || Whose
|-
| ຢຸດຢູ່ແມ່ນ || yùt-yùu mae || Where
|-
| ຈົດ​ແມ່ນ || chót mae || Which
|}


* ເຮົາຊື້ຂອງເຮົາ (Hao seu kong hao) - We buy ours.
Here are some examples in context:
* ເຂົາພວກເຮົາຊື້ຂອງເຂົາພວກເຮົາ (Khao phuak hao seu kong khao phuak hao) - They buy theirs.


== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
* Person 1: ມີຄຳສັ່ງ​ທີ່ເປັນຄຳຕອບແທກນັ້ນແລ້ວບໍ? (mîi kham sḁ̀engthîi pĕun khuaam-tôob thǎek nûan laew bò?) (What is the main instruction of this task?)
* Person 2: ຢຸດຢູ່ແມ່ນຕວາກທີ່ເຮົາຫລື? (yùt-yùu mae tuḁ̀ak thîi-hăo hǎr?) (Where are you going?)


Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific people or things. In Lao, there are four demonstrative pronouns:
== Lao Reflexive Pronouns ==


* ນີ້ (nee) - this
Reflexive pronouns are used when the object of a sentence is the same as the subject. In Lao, reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the prefix "ຊອກ" (sok) before a personal pronoun. Let's see some reflexive pronouns in the table below:
* ນັ້ນ (nan) - that
* ນີ່ນັ້ນ (nee nan) - these
* ນັ້ນນີ້ (nan nee) - those


For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ຕັນ || tan || Myself
|-
| ຕັ້ງ || tang || Yourself
|-
| ຕັກ || tak || Himself/herself/itself
|-
| ຕອບ || tḁ̀w || Ourselves
|-
| ທີ່ມຕັ້ງ || thîi-mây tang || Yourselves
|-
| ພວກເຮົາຕັກ || pheûak-hăo tak || Themselves
|}


* ຂ້ອຍກິນຂໍ້ມູນນີ້ (Khoi kin khomun nee) - I eat this rice.
Here are some examples in context:
* ເຈົ້າຊອກໂກນນັ້ນ (Jao chok kon nan) - You brush that teeth.
* ເຂົາເດີນນີ່ນັ້ນ (Khao dien nee nan) - He/She/It walks these.
* ເຮົາຊື້ຂອງນັ້ນນີ້ (Hao seu kong nan nee) - We buy those things.
* ທ່ານທຳອະໄຣນີ້ (Than tam ar lai nee) - What are you doing this? (formal)
* ເຂົາພວກເຮົາຊື້ຂອງນີ້ (Khao phuak hao seu kong nee) - They buy this.


== Interrogative Pronouns ==
* Person 1: ຂ້ານລອງເຈົ້າໄດ້ຮັກຕັກແລ້ວ. (khăan lǭng jĕuu dai hûk tak leu.) (I hurt myself)
* Person 2: ຮັກຕອບໂຫຼດໄຟ້ແລະເຂົ້າມາ​. (hûk tḁ̀w hòolóa và khăo-maa.) (Let's download and install ourselves.)


Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. In Lao, there are three interrogative pronouns:
== Conclusion ==


* ໃດ (dai) - who/what
Congratulations! You have learned about Lao pronouns. Practicing with native speakers is one of the most efficient strategies to improve your language skills. [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] is an online community where you can meet people from all over the world and improve your Lao language skills. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=72 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/lao/question questions]!
* ໃດໜຶ່ງ (dai nung) - which
* ໃດກີ່ (dai gee) - how many


For example:  
Don't forget that grammar is an important aspect of learning any language. You can also check our [[:Language/Lao/Grammar|Grammar]] resource to improve your Lao language proficiency. Keep up the good work! 😊


* ໃດກິນຂໍ້ມູນ (Dai kin khomun) - Who eats rice?
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
* ໃດໜຶ່ງຊອກໂກນ (Dai nung chok kon) - Which one brushes teeth?
* ໃດກີ່ເດີນ (Dai gee dien) - How many walk?


== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_language Lao language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_pronouns Lao pronouns]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun Indefinite pronouns]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrogative_pronoun Interrogative pronouns]




==Related Lessons==
{{#seo:
* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
|title=Lao Grammar - Pronouns
* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
|keywords=Lao Grammar, pronouns, personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, interrogative pronouns, reflexive pronouns, language
* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
|description=This lesson provides an overview of Lao Grammar pronouns, including personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and reflexive pronouns.
* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Demonstrative-Pronouns|Demonstrative Pronouns]]
}}
* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]


{{Lao-Page-Bottom}}
{{Lao-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 02:37, 5 March 2023

Laos-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Lao Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Lao learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will explore Lao Pronouns. Pronouns are crucial in communication as they help avoid repetition and assist in clarity.

Lao Personal Pronouns

In Lao, personal pronouns are used in place of a noun that refers to a person or thing. Let's look at the Lao Personal pronouns in the table below:

Lao Pronunciation English
ຂ້ານ khăan I/me
ທ່ານ thaan You
ເຂົ້າ khăo(h) He/him/it/she/her
ລາວ láw We/us
ທີ່ມ thîi-mây You all
ພວກເຮົາ pheûak-hăo They/them/ those

Here are some examples in context:

  • Person 1: ຂ້ານໄດ້ໃສ່ເຮົາແລ້ວ. (khăan dai săi hăo leu.) (I have told him.)
  • Person 2: ຜູ້ນີ້ເຄີຍບໍ່ແມ່ນທ່ານຫລືບໍ່? (phûu nii kăe bò mâi mae thaan hǎr bò?) (Is this person yours or not?)

Lao Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in Lao are used to point out something or someone. They can also assist in avoiding repetition.

Lao Pronunciation English
ນີ້ nii This (near)
ມີນີ້ míi-nii These (near)
ນີ້ໄດ້ nii dai This (far)
ມີນີ້ໄດ້ míi-nii dai These (far)
ນີ້​ແມ່ນ nii-mae That (near)
ມີນີ້​ແມ່ນ míi-nii mae Those (near)
ນີ້ໄດ້ແມ່ນ nii dai-mae That (far)
ມີນີ້ໄດ້ແມ່ນ míi-nii dai-mae Those (far)

Let's see these examples below:

  • Person 1: ມີນີ້​ບໍ່ສໍາເລັດ. (míi-nii bò sǎm-lɛɛ.) (These are not useful.)
  • Person 2: ສະບາຍດີທີ່ມ, ນີ້ແມ່ນ​ຫຍັງ? (sà-baai-dii thîi-mây, nii-mae yang?) (Hello everyone, what is that?)

Lao Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns refer to non-specific nouns. In Lao, they are used when referring to things or persons that are not identified.

Lao Pronunciation English
ຫຼີ້ lǔu One/some
ຄົນຫວັງ khon-wăng Someone
ຫວ່າງວ່າງ wăng-waang Anybody

Here are some examples in context:

  • Person 1: ຫລັງຈະປະສົດຈາກນີ້ຫຼາຍບໍ? (lang jar pasot jḁ̀aj.ni̥.lua by nḁ̀ak pôn.) (How will we recover from this big mistake?)
  • Person 2: ຫວ່າງວ່າງຂ້ອຍຮັກທີ່ເຮົາລອງ​. (wăng-waang khǎo hûk thîi hǎo lǭng.) (Anybody can go wherever they want.)

Lao Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. Here are the Lao Interrogative pronouns with their pronunciations and English translations:

Lao Pronunciation English
ຈົດ chót Who
ຈົດ​ຫວ່າງ chót wăng Anyone
ຄວາມ khuaa(m) What
ຈົດເທົ່າ chót thĕuu Whose
ຢຸດຢູ່ແມ່ນ yùt-yùu mae Where
ຈົດ​ແມ່ນ chót mae Which

Here are some examples in context:

  • Person 1: ມີຄຳສັ່ງ​ທີ່ເປັນຄຳຕອບແທກນັ້ນແລ້ວບໍ? (mîi kham sḁ̀engthîi pĕun khuaam-tôob thǎek nûan laew bò?) (What is the main instruction of this task?)
  • Person 2: ຢຸດຢູ່ແມ່ນຕວາກທີ່ເຮົາຫລື? (yùt-yùu mae tuḁ̀ak thîi-hăo hǎr?) (Where are you going?)

Lao Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are used when the object of a sentence is the same as the subject. In Lao, reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the prefix "ຊອກ" (sok) before a personal pronoun. Let's see some reflexive pronouns in the table below:

Lao Pronunciation English
ຕັນ tan Myself
ຕັ້ງ tang Yourself
ຕັກ tak Himself/herself/itself
ຕອບ tḁ̀w Ourselves
ທີ່ມຕັ້ງ thîi-mây tang Yourselves
ພວກເຮົາຕັກ pheûak-hăo tak Themselves

Here are some examples in context:

  • Person 1: ຂ້ານລອງເຈົ້າໄດ້ຮັກຕັກແລ້ວ. (khăan lǭng jĕuu dai hûk tak leu.) (I hurt myself)
  • Person 2: ຮັກຕອບໂຫຼດໄຟ້ແລະເຂົ້າມາ​. (hûk tḁ̀w hòolóa và khăo-maa.) (Let's download and install ourselves.)

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have learned about Lao pronouns. Practicing with native speakers is one of the most efficient strategies to improve your language skills. Polyglot Club is an online community where you can meet people from all over the world and improve your Lao language skills. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Don't forget that grammar is an important aspect of learning any language. You can also check our Grammar resource to improve your Lao language proficiency. Keep up the good work! 😊

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources



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